Comments On The Financial Performance Of Rap Ltd Essay

Efficient management strategy reflects in the gross profit sales which increased in the year 2008 with 23% as compared with the year 2009. In the year 2009, RAP Ltd. hasn’t focuses on reduces the cost of goods sold which gives a slightly negative reflection on the gross profit. Slight decrease in the year 2009 gross profit because of economic recession in the economy reflects on the gross profit of RAP Ltd. Moreover, RAP Ltd. high ratio of COGS in the shape of FOH, Purchases etc and also due to internal restructuring. On the whole the gross profit margin is fair enough and one should hope that the percentage of gross profit margin will increase in years to come Meigs (1999). NET PROFIT MARGIN The profit margin on sales ratio tells us the ability of the firm to convert its sales into profits. A low profit margin on sales indicates high expenses which consume most of the revenue earned by the firm. In such a case, the firm needs to analyze and point out areas which are producing more expenses than usual. The higher the ratio, the better it is for the company. From the perspective of RAP Ltd. there is a slightly negative moment is reviewed in the year 2009. RAP Ltd. net profit margin in the year 2009 is 12% because of margins in selling, administration expenses and Distribution costs. In that case RAP Ltd. still has a room for improvement in the net profit margin Garrison (2004). Moreover in the year 2009, because of rough economic and business condition, RAP Ltd. efficient business running strategy hit badly in terms of net profit margin. It is viewed that Net Profit margin rate will increase in years to come. The management strategy has helped generate more revenue but there has been significant impact made on the net profit Myers, Brealey and Marcus (2001). LIQUIDITY CURRENT RATIO The current ratio tells us about the liquidity of the company. It is the ratio which tells us the company’s ability to pay off its liabilities using the current assets in case the company is liquidated. Higher the current ratio, the better it is. RAP Ltd. current ratio is slightly on the lower side in the year 2009 in comparison with the year 2008. This ratio indicates a higher margin of safety with respect to meeting current obligations. RAP Ltd. current ratio will not allow them to take more debt as compared to previous years practices. RAP Ltd. current ratio haven’t strong current ratio and its gives a not a strong and positive signal to the creditors that company’s business operation is running on a right path. The current ratio of RAP Ltd. suggests that company have not sufficient and ample reserve cash or liquid asset and RAP Ltd. can’t utilize the excess or reserve cash on their ongoing business. QUICK RATIO RAP Ltd. quick ratio is not better in all the two years period. Although, RAP Ltd. has a higher inventory but improper maintenance of working capital management strategy has also a hurdle in order to produce a healthy quick ratio. In addition, RAP Ltd. quick ratio gives a negative signal to the market, indicating that there is a liquidity problem for RAP Ltd. Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. (2001). EFFICIENCY STOCK TURNOVER PERIOD RAP Ltd. is able to convert its inventory into cash every 59th day in the year 2009 and 55th day in the year 2008, which is not good going for the company in comparison with the previous years. This shows that RAP Ltd. is better at managing its inventory especially in the years 2008. RAP Ltd. inventory management strategies make a strong reflection on this ratio and it is evident that company’s operating cycle is slightly high in comparison with the previous years which are fair practice as far as company’s perspective is concerned. RECEIVABLE (DEBTORS) DAYS Receivable debtors’ days tells us the average number of days it will take to recover the accounts receivables balance. This allows the investors and the management of the company to analyze the effectiveness of the current credit policy and its implementation. Slow collection period increases the probability of bad debts and this important factor make a reflection on the RAP Ltd. average collection period. RAP Ltd. has employed an effective credit policy for its customers and adopted an aggressive credit policy to collect their receivables. CAPITAL STRUCTURE DEBT TO EQUITY Dependency on debt financing is not a bad habit but it has consequences if you rely on more. RAP Ltd. debt to equity ratio is on the lower side in the year 2009 in comparison with the year 2008 due to the factors of business volume, increment in sales, fulfilment to pay the suppliers and acquisitions of fixed asset. Due to the expansion in business, RAP Ltd. has plenty of financial obligations, most of which has been acquired through equity. DEBT TO ASSET RAP Ltd. D/A ratio, is around 12% in the year 2009. In the year 2008, the debt to total assets is around 14% which is good as far as the performance is concerned. The year 2009 is worst for RAP Ltd. , the main reason behind is the improper utilization of debt in order to capitalize assets. Moreover, it also reveals the fact that the management of the company can’t generate more assets in response with the debt. A higher D/A ratio would place the company under increased amount of risk, especially if the interest rates are rising. Hence, a lower D/A ratio would be more desirable Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. (2001). INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO This ratio helps the analysts analyze the ability of the firm to pay interest on the debt. This ratio is especially of concern to the creditors of the firm or the banks who are interested in providing debt financing to the firm. If the company is able to pay its interest expense, only then it is able to obtain financing. The TIE ratio of RAP Ltd. is satisfactory since it is showing a high earning before income and tax. TIE ratio is concerned it looks healthy as far as company’s future operations are concerned and it also gives an indication that debt holders are not concerned about the company’s performance because RAP Ltd. has reported an excellent TIE ratio through out two years. It is a good signal for the company’s perspective (Besley, Brigham, 2001). RECOMMENDATIONS My recommendations are stated below: †¢ Design the Internal control system that really helps in the company’s financial policies. †¢ Formulating and implementing the corporate strategy which determines the company’s mission and objectives and also oversight the risk associated with. †¢ High cost of sales make a negative impact on the gross profit and also the raising variable and fixed cost cut down the profit so the company take all necessary step to continue the same practice. †¢ Company also making the strategy to utilize all the assets at its optimum level and not should eyeing on the fact that no asset remains idle. Moreover, company focuses more on capital expenditure. †¢ High leverage and dependency on debt financing create an alarming situation for XYZ Inc because in this current scenario current ratio is slightly weaker and it not gives the right signal to the debt holder. Current Asset can’t generate the income in away that reflects in the current ratio. All in all, not out of the woods but small improvements in sales and margins and return to basics could translate into more upside. CONCLUSION RAP Ltd. portrays a very strong and positive position in the markets place and without doubt this company has an ability to challenge its rivals to have a girds to become the market leader. There are certain areas where RAP Ltd. should pay attention to like in the area of working capital, net profit margin, reduction in revenue expenditures on consistent basis and assist in increase its investor’s confidence towards the organization. C. The limitations are stated below: †¢ The implementation of different accounting policies might distract the reported figures. Like frequently made changes in depreciation methods, in inventory valuation technique etc (Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. 2001, p. 98). †¢ If the reported figures on financial statement are out of date then the ratio can’t portrait the true picture of the company. †¢ The ratio are also not debated on the risk associated the figures. †¢ If the employees or the management of the company manipulated with the figures or uses the big bath accounting technique or uses window dressing techniques then the ratios are also not clearly projected the company’s performance. (Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. 2001, p. 98) †¢ Ratios are also not clearly drawn the valid projection of the company’s capital structure or the size of the company’s business (Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. 2001, p. 98). †¢ It is the reality that inflation distorts the reported amount. Ratio are not provides any appropriate judgment over the issue related with inflation. †¢ The factor of risk is beyond the control of ratios and the ratios are provides any proper evaluation related with risk. REFERENCES Besley, Brigham, Scott, Eugene F. (2001). Principles of Finance. Florida: Harcourt College Publishers. Brealey, Richard A. , Stewart C. Myers, Alan J. Marcus (2001). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Garrison, Ray H, Eric Noreen, Peter C. Brewer (2004). Managerial Accounting. Meigs, Robert F. , Mary A. Meigs, Mark Bettner, Ray Whittington. Accounting: the basis for Business Decisions. 11th ed. New York: McGraw Hill

Oil in the market

The demand for oil will be present a perfect example of this would have to be, the Chinese economy, with a surge in the demand for crude oil in china, their economy has risen tremendously. Since oil is limited. People must look for other alternatives like solar power, hydro power, even alternatives like ethanol where it is used faintly as a source of energy to power vehicles. When it comes to the market speculation there is a lot of investment being poured into the oil trade, due to this surge of investments, fluctuations in the market go from high to low on a daily basis.Risk will be present when it comes to business, but in the case of the investors depending on how the market trends are they may lose profit rather then make profit. When it comes to the supply of oil there are long and short-term factors that affect the international markets. The short-term factors include: -Profit motive -Spare capacity -Stock External shocks Profit making factors rely solely on OPEC operating nat ions. OPEC is put in place as a cartel to regulate price fixtures on crude oil and gas that are supplied by world's oil producers.Ex: Saudi Arabia Oil refinery's have stocks in place to be released in the market when the demand for oil fluctuates, in the case of an oil company in peril with low profits, the effects of production shocks may be devastating to the companies growth, examples of these issues. Taking a longer-term perspective, the long run world oil supply is linked to 1 . Reserves: Depletion of proven oil reserves – the faster that demand grows, the quicker the expected rate of depletion 2.Exploration: Investment spending on exploring, identifying and then exploiting new oil reserves. When oil prices are rising and are expected to stay strong for the foreseeable future, it makes financial sense to invest more resources in exploring for new reserves, even though these may not come on stream for some years. 3. Technology: Technological change in oil extraction (whic h affects the costs of extraction and the profitability of extracting and then refining the oil) Long-term effects include: Reserves Exploration Technology

BAZAARS OF HYDERABAD Essay

In The Bazaars of Hyderabad is a vibrant, colorful poem describing the bazaars of Hyderabad. This poem was written during the British Rule when Indians were asked to boycott foreign products and buy goods from traditional Indian bazaars. During this time, publication of Indian newspapers was banned so she might have thought the best way to spread the message to people was through her poems. In The Bazaars of Hyderabad begins with a question from the poet to the merchants in the bazaar about what they are selling. The merchants reply that they are selling silver and crimson colored turbans, purple brocade tunics, mirrors framed in amber and daggers with handles made of jade. The first stanza ends there. The next stanza is about another stall and the same question is asked by the poet to the vendors about what they are weighing and selling. Saffron, lentils and rice are being sold by the vendors. The poet asks the maidens what they are grinding and she gets a reply that they are grinding henna, sandalwood and spices. The poet then questions the pedlars about what they are selling and they say chessmen dice made from ivory. The third stanza takes us to a jewelry store where the poet asks the goldsmith what ornaments they make. Wristlets, anklets and rings are made is the reply. Moreover, they say they manufacture bells for blue pigeons to be tied to their feet. The bells are as delicate as a dragonfly’s wing. Simultaneously they make gold girdles for dancers and sheaths for kings to keep their swords. The poet visits a fruit shop in the fourth stanza of the poem In The Bazaars of Hyderabad. There she enquires about what they are selling. They tell her they sell lemon, pomegranate and plum. Then the musicians are asked what they play and they say sitar, sarangi and drums are played. She even comes across magicians and asks them what they are chanting and they say that they are chanting magical spells to charm thousand ages to come. The final stanza is about the flower girls who are asked what they are weaving with strands of red and blue flowers. The girls reply that they making garlands for bride and groom to decorate their bed for their wedding night. They are also weaving sheets of white flowers which are placed on graves for fragrance purposes. In The Bazaars of Hyderabad is lucid and vivid in language. It creates beautifully a colorful picture of the bazaar in the minds of its readers.

Advice on Frances Rights under the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advice on Frances Rights under the Law - Essay Example The facts of the case are that Frances made the order for the computer system on June 5, 2012, and paid the full amount of  £3,000 to Avalon Computers Ltd. Avalon is a mail order firm. The system was delivered three days later, but Frances wished to return the computer system, still in its box and unopened/unused, a week later. She asked to return the system in exchange for a refund via fax, but Avalon said no. The objective of this note is to be able to give Frances advice on her rights under the laws of the European Union, related to her being able to secure the refund from the mail order company Avalon. This note also covers advice on where else, by way of person or body, Frances may be able to get redress for her situation (â€Å"From the Instructions†).It is worthwhile, as a prelude to giving advice, to go over the relevant legal literature on the issue at hand. First, the quoted legalese above is in the form of a directive, and it is worthwhile to know the nature of a directive under the European Union laws. Directives are one of three types of legislation in the European Union, with regulations and decisions being the other two. Directives, in essence, are â€Å"general rules to be transferred into national law† by member countries as the countries see fit or appropriate to do so. This is opposed to a regulation, which has the force of a national law, with the exception that regulations have the force of being a law applied to all of the member countries.... Directives, in essence, are â€Å"general rules to be transferred into national law† by member countries as the countries see fit or appropriate to do so. This is opposed to a regulation, which has the force of a national law, with the exception that regulations have the force of being a law applied to all of the member countries. A legal decision, meanwhile, is different from the first two, in that it has specific application to particular organizations or persons (European Commission). The European Commission itself has the compliance and application responsibilities as far as the laws are concerned, for all of the member states. The work includes making sure that the countries infuse into their national laws the laws of the European Union. The Commission is also responsible for monitoring the compliance of member countries towards EU directives as they are timed for implementation (European Commission (b)). One discussion further reinforces the differences between directive s, which are binding in general to the member states for their own implementation and translation into the national laws of the country, and regulations, which are generally applicable to all the member states without need for legal translation into the countries’ individual national laws (BBC): Under the process known as "transposition" the directive sets the framework but the practical details of implementation are left for the member states to decide. By contrast, regulations have "general application". That means they are binding on individuals and effectively form part of domestic law as soon as they are made. It is generally only necessary to amend existing national provisions that are inconsistent with regulations, rather than make new legislation altogether. (BBC) It is to be made

Report paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Report paper - Essay Example Import of cereals into the country has been on the verge of increasing because of the rising needs for the use of cereals, vegetable and milk. The main factor that triggers this scenario is the increase in the number of young people as compared to the older people in the workforce. For instance, with the increased rates of employment culminating to maximum in the year 2010 to 2012, the workforce continues to demand for the increase in food supplies. However, the rates of increase in the importation of cereals are going down. An explanation for this is deeply rooted in the effort by the governance and policy makers of the region to bring about food security and contribute to the growth of GDP (Das & Mustapha 92). The data below shows the countries that export cereals to Qatar: The following is a relational chart that brings about the connection between the declines in the rates of importation of cereals into Qatar. It shows the way the development in the GDP of the country. The relation is in the mode in which it influences the food security as well as strategies for the economic growth (Das & Mustapha

Teachers should not get tenure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teachers should not get tenure - Essay Example In New York, only ninety out of 70,000 teachers lost their jobs between 2007 and 2010 for poor performance. Such statistics are attributable to tenure. Therefore, tenure and performance generate a cause-and-effect relationship towards the performance of students. In addition, the process for awarding tenure is not as thorough as it used to be. Nowadays, tenure is granted depending on the time that a teacher has been in service. This means that all teachers will be awarded tenure after serving for a particular period. For example, in the United States, most states require a minimum of three years before a teacher qualifies for tenure. This means that all K-12 teachers receive tenure regardless of whether they have qualified or not. Teachers should not get tenure to ensure that job performance is not compromised for â€Å"job for life.† It will be easier to relieve ineffective teachers their duties if tenure is not awarded. The education sector will improve in the long-run if te achers are not granted

Solve A Propblem Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Solve A Propblem - Research Paper Example There is a lot of hue and cry on global warming because warming brings climate changes in the form of drought or torrential rains in some part of Earth, melts glaciers, lengthens seasons, develops cyclones and large scale disruption in variety of ways. Global warming is entirely a human creation and it needs to be resolved accordingly. If Earth keeps getting warmer, it is quite likely that about 25 percent of our plants and species on Earth could go extinct by end of this century. Our ecosystem is in danger because each plant or species acts as a predator, a source of food, a source of shelter or a pollinator and loosing even one of them affects whole chain in ecosystem. Causes of Global Warming While going into the root cause or causes of global warming, the pertinent question arises how and why does global warming take place? Scientists state that it occurs because humans have begun burning fossil fuels in large quantities in last one hundred year or so and the burning goes on in i ndustries, power stations, and vehicles uninterruptedly. Burning generates carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide gases that go to atmosphere. Oceans do absorb greenhouse gases and maintain a delicate balance; however, load of emissions are now so high that nature cannot clear them on its own. Can Clean Energy Stop Global Warming? Energy is the most crucial and strategic resource necessary for economic development and more than 80 percent of the current energy needs are met with fossil fuels. The moot question is can we replace fossil fuels with some other sources of energy that are clean in nature and do not generate any harmful emissions? Certainly, there are clean sources of energy such as wind, solar, hydro, biofuel, hydrogen and many more that can be used to generate electricity to meet our requirement. Let us, time being, assume that all these technologies have reached to a level where it is feasible to replace fossil fuels completely and now there is no release of greenhouse gases any more – then, does this mean that world will become free from the global warming completely? Apparently, it may seem so but that is far from truth! It has been established that pre-industrial carbon dioxide concentration was 280 parts per million (PPM) that has gone past 380 PPM in 2010 – a rise of over 30 percent after the process of industrialization that began in 1850. Unless carbon dioxide level falls back to the pre-industrial level of 280 PPM, global warming will continue on this planet (Effects of Changing the Carbon Cycle, 2013). Why? It is worth noting that about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide that humans have emitted into the atmosphere has been taken away by the ocean. In the process of dissolving carbon dioxide in the ocean water forms carbonic acid reducing pH (the measure of acidity) of the water by 0.1 – almost 30 percent increase in acidity of the ocean water. Experts state that ‘coral reefs’ that provide habitat to fish a nd other creatures in the ocean will get vanished in increased ocean acidity (Global Climate Change, 2013). Its impact will be severely felt in coming years in terms of lost food web that joins all oceanic creatures. Moreover, warmer oceans, due to greenhouse effect, would have impact on the growth of phytoplankton and sea grasses because they grow better in cool waters. This eventually reduces the

The Cheesecake Factory Marketing Plan Research Paper

The Cheesecake Factory Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that the Cheesecake Factory is one of the successful American stories. The company has bagged some awards like the 2010 Zagat award for best dessert and best salads, 2010 Halo gold award for the best cause marketing event, etc. The Cheesecake Factory is planning to expand its business over the next five years in around five countries such as United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Qatar in the Middle East and North Africa, Europe, Russia, and Turkey. The country where the Cheesecake Factory can trade in is Europe. Europe market is expected to grow at an annual growth rate of 0.37% in 2008-2011. The top companies are expected to supply at a rate of 23%. The largest market is Germany with a total share of 25%. The company deals in with bakery products. They produce good quality of cheesecakes and involve a lot of innovation in their products. The new product to be launched is the ‘Green Tea Cheesecake’. The company target market is people who love to have bakery products, dessert. The environment of the hotel is such which makes customers love the place and its offerings. It s target audience is consumers right from a kid to elders people. The US has always experienced a deficit in the bakery products. Its trade deficit was large with Canada and Europe. The condition improved in 2002 where the import value stood at $685 million. Since then the US market has been growing in terms of bakery products. Since the trade condition has improved, the company can take advantage and expand its business in countries where the trade conditions has improved. The company has been dealing in bakery products, and is planning to expand in other countries. The best option would be to expand in Europe. The company is a sole proprietary. It started of its business in the year 1978 and till date it has been among the top most company. The factory was started by Oscar and Evelyn Overton and eventually it was handed by their son David. David founded The Cheesecake Factory restaurant in Beverly Hills, California. Marketing Plan The European market produces 25millions of bread each year with the industrial plant share of 8 million tons. The craft bakers represent the bread production for about 48% of the total volume. The plant bakeries have a market share of 75% to 80% of market share. The fastest growing sector is the in store bakeries, as the retail market is booming and the retailers gain a market share (The Federation of Bakers, 2007). The retail bakery market in Europe was estimated to be 65.5 billion by 2000. There has been a variation in the European countries. In states like Italy and Sweden, the market grew from 12% to 17% in 2000. But in large markets like France and Germany, it grew only by 4% and 3% respectively. The per capita consumption in Europe is generally high as compared to other countries (Payne, 2003, p.25). There has been a good trend of bakery market in Europe. Thus the Cheesecake Factory would be able to adopt itself in the European market. The market has a good opportunity and the potential to grow is also high in the market. The industry is of bakery product, therefore there is no barrier to enter and exit. The European market is an open market. The barriers for entry are low. The European

The Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Financial Crisis - Essay Example Bankers blame the public for their exuberant enthusiasm that created the fragile real estate bubble that was destined to burst. The people blamed the Congress for their inaction, while Democrats blamed Republicans and Republicans blamed the Democrats. No matter where the weakness in the system was, it was the government's failure to act in a prudent and timely fashion to stem the rising tide of waste, abuse, and corruption. At the core of the economic problems that are facing the US today is the weakness caused by an escalating national debt and the political reality of a public that has a growing concern over their scarce tax dollars. Had the government implemented a balanced budget in the recent years, or if money had been wisely invested to create jobs in the economy, taxpayers and conservatives might be more willing to manage a multi-billion dollar loan to the auto industry. However, a failed policy in Iraq has left the people with a bill that could top $3 trillion in the near future (Bilmes and Stiglitz B06). This is money that can't be used for building infrastructure or investing in much needed education. The government has failed by squandering trillions of dollars on what amounts to a handful of magic beans. The government further allowed the economic system to go into decline by failing to adequately regulate the banking and insurance systems that had become rife with abuse and

Performance Related Production Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Performance Related Production - Essay Example In order to accentuate production through employee performance, a company's management needs to develop a strong belief and determination among the leadership and worker-class, to accelerate progressive changes and create a difference. Only those with exceptional influence can change the way an organisation runs. Management must consider the criticality of a visible and active role taken by them to integrate policies of diversity and inclusion into every aspect of an organisation's operation and culture. Culture affects every employee of the organisation, whether it is a man or woman. It's imperative that any policy decision reach all concerned in the organisation; every individual of the organisation must feel a part of the scheme of things, for the welfare of the organisation. A healthy work environment goes a long way in instigating quality work. At the workplace, it is imperative for the management to introduce an increased and effective mode of cooperation between the men and women workers. One way of looking at it is by creating a better awareness of gender differences, building different leadership styles and flexible work/career patterns. Both men and women can use a variety of flexible work options to support family and personal needs, allowing them to achieve the goal of work/life balance, contributing to greater productivity. There are many number of business tactics, that can be employed to bring about operational changes to manage talent most effectively. Some tactics, most noticeable among them are: Identifying role models and establishing mentoring programmes Eliminating all bias-based company policies and procedures Providing equal opportunities, training and development for all Conducting workshops for employees to impress upon them the importance of diversity and inclusiveness to increase performance and production Though the above initiatives may sound simple, there is more to it, than meets the eye. The exercise needs the wholehearted support and sustained effort by all employees to make it a success (David Pappie, p.103, 2006). Performance is the cornerstone to success and productivity. Performance comes about through the wholehearted and sincere effort of employees of an organisation. This is possible only if the employees are kept happy and cared for. Strategies that favour employee retention, elicit competitive bonus schemes, and creates healthy work environment are pre-requisites for employee performance, culminating in higher production. A company's best asset is its people, so there is a good reason why the company needs to do what is right for them. A point of contention to performance and productivity is the way one works; the ability to work remotely, where enterprise convergence gains momentum. Organisations and structures have become more fluid. Mobility not just of the people involved, but their virtual working environment has become synonymous for productivity. For business bosses and their employees, a converged environment makes work location and distance irrelevant. The impetus to work for the benefit of the organisation must come

Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms Essay Example for Free

Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms Essay Problem: When a team of individuals produce a single output the problem arises on how to contribute the reward so that every individual is equally rewarded. This article examines three different mechanisms to deal with this issue: 1.Markets Markets deals with the control problem through precise measurement and reward of individual contributions. 2.Bureaucrats Bureaucrats rely on a mixture of close evaluation with socialized acceptance of common objectives. 3.Clans Clans rely on a relatively complete socialization process which effectively eliminates goal incongruence between individuals. Introduction: Controls (by Tannenbaum)=sum of interpersonal influence relations in an organization Controls (Ezioni)= control is equivalent to power Controls (Weber)= a problem in creating and monitoring rules through a hierarchical authority system Main questions in article: 1) What are the mechanisms through which an organization can be managed so that it moves towards its objectives? 2) How can the design of these mechanisms be improved, what are the limits of each design? An example: The parts supply division Purchasing department: buys 100.000 items (p.a.) from 3.000 suppliers purchased by 22 employees on 3 management levels. †¢Purchasing officer send out request to 3 manufacturers and adds information on reliability, and the order †¢Supervisor Consults agents if they need help and reminds workers that they are not allowed to accept presents Warehousing operations: 1.400 employees (incl. 150 manager) †¢Pickers and packers (worker) †¢Supervisor (manager) Formal authority (written rules) Informal authority (personality) Three mechanisms: 1.Market mechanism purchasing function Agents and supervisory employ market mechanism: to minimize cost for the company by picking the best price on the markets. In a market prices convey all of the information necessary for efficient decision-making. Frictionless market: Prices represent exactly the value of good or service. Therefore reward can be contributed in direct proportion to contribution of employee! Agents and supervisory are subject to bureaucratic mechanisms: Their work is controlled by a set of bureaucratic surveillance controls (performance evaluation, hierarchical oder-giving) 2.Bureaucratic mechanism warehousing function Warehousing is subject to routines of monitoring and directing. This is done by close personal surveillance and direction of subordinates by superiors, based on a set of rules. Rules vs. price: Rules are arbitrary (beliebige) standards without comparison, based on assigned values of (successful) actions. Prices imply that a comparison has already taken place. Prices are far more efficient means of controlling transactions than are rules. However, the conditions necessary for frictionless prices can rarely be met, and in such conditions the bureaucratic form, despite its inadequacies, is preferred. 3.Informal social / clan mechanism Supervisors can rely on bureaucratic mechanisms but this requires surveillance which is associated with costs. But when the supervisor knows that his workers achieve the right objectives, he can eliminate many of the costly forms of audition and surveillance. Social and informational prerequisites of control The three models can be arranged along two dimensions: 1.Informational requirements =prerequisite to successful operation 2.Social underpinnings = Set of agreements between people, as a bare minimum, is basis for control Type of controlSocial requirementsInformational requirements MarketsNorm of Reciprocity (Wechselwirkung) Prices BureaucracyNorm of Reciprocity Legitimate authorityRules ClanNorm of Reciprocity Legitimate authority Shared values, beliefsTraditions The informational prerequisite of control: While a Clan is the most demanding and the Market the least demanding with respect to social underpinnings, the opposite is true when it comes to information. Within large organizations departments tend to develop own jargon in which complex information is easily transported. Each system carries information on how to behave: †¢Explicit system: accounting system easily accessible by newcomer (system is created) †¢Implicit system: is far less complete in its ability to convey information. e.g. US Senate need years to understand flow of information (systems grow up) Companies attempting to control the organization through a price (=market) mechanism use transfer prices to represent prices of internal performances. The advantage should be obtained by using the best prices within the firm. Organizations can also create an explicit set of rules (behavior as well as production and output) that will cover every situation and therefore cut the information problem down by using rules that will cover 90% of all events and depending upon hierarchical authority to settle the remaining 10%. Again legitimate authority is critical to bureaucracy. In a Clan the information is contained in the rituals, stories and ceremonies. So to say the information system does not require a information system, its just there. For example Chinese-American Hui: conducts business as venture capital lender but they also enter risky businesses and even the repayments are left open. Entry is only granted by birthright, a practice that guarantees that every member is part in the same social network and therefore behave to the same rules and principles. While the Market and Clan are both specialized approaches it is the Bureaucratic which is the system that is most flexible. Of course, under certain circumstance both the Market and Clan approach will deliver better results but the Bureaucratic can withstand high rates of turnover, a high degree of heterogeneity and it does not have very demanding informational needs. Designing Control Mechanisms: Costs and Benefits Two ways of effective people control: 1. Find people that fit needs exactely 2. find people that dont fit exactly but use a managerial system to instruct, monitor and evaluate them Best approach depends on costs. Ad 1. is associated with costs and search and acquisitions but their skills will help to reduce costs in the long-run. Ad 2. includes trainings costs and a the costs for the supervisory system but reduces high turnover. Search and select ‘clan-type’ people: Cost of Search and Acquisition: High Wages Benefit: Perform tasks without instruction, work hard Instruct people into the ‘clan’ system: Cost of training: instruct, monitor, and evaluate unskilled workers (who are likely to be indifferent to learn organization skills and values). High rates of turnover. Costs of monitoring: developing rules, supervising. Benefit: heterogeneous system of people that can be controlled. Explicit rules (codified knowledge) offset turnover costs. Loose coupling and The Clan as a Form of Control New view with impact on designing control mechanisms. The ability to measure either output or behavior which is relevant to the desired performance is critical to the rational application of market or bureaucratic forms of control. Knowledge of transformation process: Tin Can plant: If we understand the technology (e.g. production process and what it takes for a successful production) perfectly, we can achieve effective control by setting rules that lead to behavior and processes that lead to our desired transformation steps. Thus, we can create an effective bureaucratic control mechanism. Womens boutique: On the other hand, if we dont understand what is needed (e.g. control system for womens boutique) to be a successful buyer or merchandiser, we cant create rules. But we can measure output (turnover per buyer, salex volumes,). So we can use the output control mechanism to monitor various indicators and set actions accordingly. Apollo Program: Each step of the transformation (assembling) is crystal clear and we have a output measure (it comes back or not). Thus we have the choice and the lower cost alternative will be preferred: clearly as the cost of failure would be prohibitive (untragbar) and more elaborate behavior control system will be installed. Reseach Lab: We have the ability to define the rules of behavior and we can measure the output which will be some 10 years in the future. Certainly a strong output control system will be used but effectively this cannot guarantee success so neither behavior nor output measurement will be sufficient, leaving us with no rational form of control. Therefore such organizations rely on ritualized, ceremonial forms of controls. This approach only works with the recruitment of a selected few individuals, with the same schooling and professionalization process. Another organizations using this form: Hospitals, Investement banks, Whereas output and behavior control can be implemented through a market or bureaucracy, ceremonial forms of control can be implemented through a clan. Closing observations Depending on the organization and its requirements it has to be choosen which control systems works best. E.g.: manufacturing: behavior and output control vs. service org.: cultural or clan controls. Nevertheless every control system is directed at achieving cooperation by: †¢Market mechanism: each persons contribution is evaluated; combined with a personal loss of reward †¢Clan mechanism: attain cooperation by selecting and sozialising individuals such that their objectives overlap with the organizations objectives †¢Bureaucratic mechanism: does a little of each, partly evaluates performance and partly engenders feelings of commitment to the idea of legitimate authority in hierarchies Two main questions: 1. Clarity with which the performance can be assessed 2. Degree of goal incongruence (either trust each other or control each other)

Maria Teresa Tula Essay Example for Free

Maria Teresa Tula Essay Learn about Maria Teresa Tula, a leader of COMADRES, by accessing http://rfkcenter.org/maria-teresa-tula. Maria Teresa was kidnapped, raped several times, and severely beaten, yet she continued her struggle even when family members rejected her for being raped. However, rejection after being raped triggered her questioning about women’s subordinated position in society and helped her to start seeing the world through gender eyes. Read about her story and then write a paragraph about your personal reaction to Maria Teresa Tula’s decision to join COMADRES and her bravery to continue the struggle after rape and torture. -I was astonished with Maria Teresa Tula’s decision to join COMADRES and her bravery to continue the struggle after rape and torture. With the first attack toward her husband I would have tried to escape but instead she got more involve and was fighting for the rights of everyone. She did not get attack once but about three times and she continued fighting for human rights. Leaving her kids behind and just staying with her two youngest must have been the most difficult decision for a woman to do and because of her bravery I admire her. 2. What are they saying in these songs? What does Sting mean when saying â€Å"they dance alone? -â€Å"Bullet The Blue Sky† single from The Joshua Tree album it is about an actual experience that Bono had while visiting El Salvador. There he saw women whose children had been imprisoned or murdered by the military regime there. He was inspired by it and immediately wrote the lyrics for the song. It is a song about protesting against corruption, hypocorism, weapon and people being terrified. â€Å"They Dance Alone† was written after Sting saw a brief news story about women dancing in the streets of Chile torn apart by the Pinochet regime. The women were dancing in the streets with pictures of their husbands, fathers, brothers or sons pinned to their clothes or they were holding the pictures and dancing with them. It is a beautiful song saying what the women in Chile were unable to express. It tells a story about a woman a daughter, a wife or a mother how they are left dancing alone because of the killing of their love ones. This songs makes you feel and understand what the people were going through. At the end of the song I love how it states Pinochet: Can you think of your own mother dancin with her invisible son? In other words, Watch it, mate. Youll get whats comin to ya! 3. Why did the government violate human rights? Who collaborated with/supported the government in the fight against communism â€Å"? -The  government violates human rights because after the Cuban Revolution, Latin America became an important theater of the Cold War and for the U.S.-backed â€Å"Operation Condor† in South America. Operation Condor was conducted as a campaign of terror involving assassination and intelligence operations by dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America; it had the tacit appr oval of the United States. It was a program aimed to eradicate communist or Soviet influence and ideas in Latin America. -What is the Cold War? How is the Cold War related to the events in Central America? The Cold War was the tense relationship between the United States (and its allies) and the Soviet Union (USSR, and its allies) between the end of World War II and the demise of the Soviet Union; i.e. the years 1945 to 1991. This war was unlike other wars in that the two sides never clashed directly in battle. The Cold War was related to the events in Central America because it altered Latin Americas relationship to the United States profoundly, as the region became a battleground between two competing ideological systems—capitalism and communism. Prior to the Cold War, both economic and geopolitical concerns had motivated U.S. policy toward Latin America. But, after the lowering of the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe, George Kennan, the chief architect of American foreign policy towards the Soviet Union, advocated containment to halt the spread of communism, not just in Europe, but globally. The result was a bipolar world featuring proxy wars fought throughout the Third World by surrogates and clients of the two superpowers. Latin American nations, historically considered to be part of our backyard, were not permitted to remain neutral as Washington expected Latin America to ally with the United States while the Soviet Union sought to gain access to what had been an American sphere of influence. What were the major violations of human rights in El Salvador and Guatemala? How did women react to the kidnapping, torture, murder, and disappearance of their loved ones? The major violations of human rights was people disappearing , the tortured, the jailed, and the murdered were the so-called subversives, members of communist organizations, armed guerrilla groups, or/and agents of international communism, and whoever was  suspected of these activities. These open violations of human rights were based on ideological grounds and were used to stop the spread of revolutions in the region. Most of the victims were young people who saw the example of Cuba as a solution for poverty and social inequality in Latin America. The women react were condemned to silence, form fear of losing their own lives or being disappeared. This atmosphere of impunity, silence, and fear was challenged by mothers, grandmothers, wives, aunts, sisters, and nieces of the disappeared. In countries such as Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, and Guatemala, women formed massive movements of civil confrontation to search for the truth about their disappeared relatives. These women were regular housewives; some did not have a formal education, others did not even know how to speak Spanish (the case of Guatemala), and most were oblivious to any ideological militancy. Their trigger to action was their love, a mother love. Why are these movements labeled as the â€Å"Gendering of Human Rights? -The movements labeled as the â€Å"Gendering of Human Rights† was women engaged in human rights struggles that not only transformed their countries but also their own lives. They challenged their traditional assigned gender roles. Through their actions women became protagonists in the struggle for human rights and democracy in Latin America. In so doing, women appropriated public spaces formerly reserved for men. Their massive presence in plazas, streets, mass media, congress, international forums, and wearing black dresses (COMADRES), white scarves covering their heads, holding colorful quilts (Arpilleras), dressed in traditional Mayan attires, and all holding a photograph of their missing relatives, impregnated the world’s collective memory. Some exaples are, , the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo of Argentina, Las Arpilleras or quilt-makers of Chile, the National Committee of Guatemalan Widows (CONAVI GUA), and the Committee of Mothers and Relatives of Prisoners, the Disappeared and the Politically Assassinated of El Salvador (Monseà ±or Oscar Arnulfo Romero) (COMADRES). What were the major accomplishments of these women’s organizations? -Some of the major accomplishments of these women’s organization were that women’s actions have brought a different understanding of feminism. By feminism, I refer to ideology that seeks gender equality or equality between women and  men. Women departing from their traditional role of mothers created movements that transformed forever women’s lives and politics in Latin American nations. Without shooting a single bullet and developing peaceful movements of civil disobedience, they helped to overthrow dictatorships and end civil wars. Women gained consciousness and citizenship. Last but not least, women empowered themselves through education and exposure to national and international forums.

Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Approaches to Sport and Exercise

Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Approaches to Sport and Exercise Critically discuss interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science within the professional experience undertaken in term 1. Support your answers with relevant literature and theory The advance in sports professionalism and the increasing intensity of competition has made a scientific approach to sport vital to monitoring and improving performance (Campbel. 2007). British expertise in sport and exercise science is reflected in the growing number of postgraduate qualifications that offer the chance to study new and exciting developments. The applications of scientific principles are studied by examining three branches of science biomechanics, physiology and psychology although this knowledge is applied differently to each of the sport and exercise disciplines. Sport science largely offers expert scientific backup for top sport training and performance, while exercise science has a central role in physical programmes aimed at improving general health (Campbel.2007). The qualified sport and exercise scientist can expect to have a broad technical, physiological and psychological knowledge, and stands to benefit from current developments within the field offering a professional status. Although research within sport and exercise science is done in many different disciplines, the majority of published research is mono-disciplinary. Burwitz et al (1994) defined mono-disciplinary as a singular discipline in nature. A professional experience was undertaken to assess the approaches to inter and multi-disciplinary within sport and exercise science research. The experience was of a sport science nature which involved the participation of a newly created test, designed to monitor endurance performance. The test focused on heart rate response, ground contact times and oxygen uptake whilst running on a treadmill at sub maximal speeds. The data collected from this test will, as a result, be used to better the understanding of factors that contribute to endurance performance and importantly to easily be able to measure these factors. A similar study created by Blackadar et al (2001) found that the measurements of ground contact times and heart rate response during level runnin g at chosen speed can provide accurate estimates of maximal aerobic power. Carpenter and Ledger (2004) suggests that an understanding of physiological factors is essential for anyone involved in sport (coach or performer), appreciation of this is vital in developing effective training programmes and optimising performance. This essay will outline what multi and interdisciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science are. It will then delineate how the two approaches can be applied to the professional experience undertaken. An Interdisciplinary approach within sport and exercise science involves a partnership of coaches with sport and exercise scientists such as physiologists or psychologists. Miles et al (1997) defines an interdisciplinary approach as more than one area of sport and exercise science working together in an integrated and co-ordinated manner to solve a problem. Interdisciplinary research needs to involve a strong integration of information from more than one sub-discipline of sport and exercise science from the outset of a particular research programme (Burwitz et al. 1994). Williams and James (2001) developed a model to demonstrate interdisciplinary approaches, where the goal of the sport or exercise is affected by each area involved. Multidisciplinary research involves less integration of the sub-disciplines of sport and exercise science. Each discipline tends to work in parallel on a common topic (Burwitz et al. 1994). Just like interdisciplinary, it involves more than one sport working together but the difference being they work together in an isolated, unitary and co-ordinated manner (Miles et al 1997). In a multidisciplinary approach each discipline will look for problems to a solution from within only that discipline, for example, a physiologist will look at how the body responds to exercise; each discipline will then assemble their findings. Alternatively in an interdisciplinary approach, the physiologist may work together with a biomechanist to look at if rate of fatigue changes with different technique (Burwitz et al. 1994). The deficient in the integration of sub-disciplines from the outset of sport and exercise science may be resultant to the multidisciplinary research, thus, making it harder to integra te them together whilst trying to bring about an interdisciplinary approach to problem solving. The majority of sport and exercise science research is mono-disciplinary (Burwitz et al 1994) but introducing the involvement of multi and interdisciplinary research will help to improve the overall standard of research. It will bond together more than one discipline of sport and exercise science such as physiology and biomechanics, consequently, improving the ability to solve problems such as injury, fatigue and poor technique. More than one approach working together as a team will combine their knowledge and methods from their different areas to be able to solve a problem. Regardless of these resemblances, fundamental disparities between the two stated approaches are still apparent. Interdisciplinary approaches look to be the best in terms of bringing about improvements as it incorporates the disciplines which take the form of ‘bridge-building (Squires et al 1975). This requires an amalgamation of expert knowledge from diverse disciplines concentrating on a precise problem. Contrastingly, multidisciplinary approaches gather rather than combine knowledge; consequently the sub-disciplines work independently during the research processes before coming together to reach a conclusion about a stated problem (Burwitz et al 1994). Burwitz et al (1994) believes that an interdisciplinary approach will disclose possible conflicts between the disciplines. As there are direct dealings among sub-disciplines, a view given by one area could be disputed by another. This is less likely to occur in multi-disciplinary approaches as the disciplines do not work in dir ect contact with one another. Despite the above examples, no clear definition is given of the distinctions between the two approaches because many sport and exercise scientists have regarded multi and inter-disciplinary as synonymous terms (Burwitz et al 1994). The professional experience undertaken was involved with sport science; Smith (2001) describes sport science as being characterised by collaborations with coaches and performance directors. The experience undertaken was first and foremost a physiological approach. Researchers have amassed so much knowledge about physical activity that it is now a separate academic field of study within the biological sciences (Katch et al 2000). Physiology of exercise can be defined as the study of how the body responds and adapts to exercise and importantly identifies physiological characteristics that explain rather than simply describe performance and also focus on ways to improve performance (Bromley et al 2007). Middle distance running is a sport that utilises this definition very well. In this event, oxidative phosphorylation represents the principal energy-producing metabolic pathway and, therefore, it is not surprising that the parameters of fitness which correlate most closely with performance are those related to oxygen uptake (VO2max), the various oxygen uptake required to run at different speeds (running economy), and the oxygen uptake that can be sustained without appreciable accumulation of lactate in the blood (Jones. 1998). Understanding the pr inciples of these factors will contribute to improving endurance performance, and as a result enable an athlete to overcome these issues and improve them. During the professional experience questions were put to the researcher regarding the involvement of other disciplines to determine the dimension of the research. These questions were: ‘are there any other areas of sport and exercise science e.g. biomechanist, psychologist, etc, other than yourself (a physiologist) present to help assess the data gathered from the research? ‘Will the results of the research be collated with other disciplines and fed back to the performer? The response from the questions asked clearly demonstrated that the research being carried out was of a mono-disciplinary nature as there was no interaction with other disciplines of sport science. As discussed, an increase in the need from multi or interdisciplinary in sport and exercise science, would have much improved this study as more than one a re of sport and exercise science being involved would have given feedback to an athlete, therefore increasing the value. The research itself was looking at the reliability and validity of a heart rate by looking at its response to ground contact times whilst running on a treadmill to see if it can be used to predict endurance performance. As well as being assessed physiologically, the researcher may have advised the athlete to be assessed by a biomechanist, this may show results that running technique could affect fatigue, for example, the biomechanist could get the athlete to run over a force plate, and the force generated on the plate could show that too much force is being exerted and as a result making you fatigue more quickly. This could then be fed back to the physiologist whereby a solution could be put together to rectify this and therefore the enabling the athlete to have a better running efficiency. This would create an interdisciplinary approach as more than one disciplin e is working together in an integrated fashion thus improving feedback to the athlete and as a result give the athlete a much better chance of improving performance. The professional experience undertaken was shown to be mono-disciplinary as it was a test focusing solely on the physiological changes of an athlete whilst performing a treadmill run. As discussed above, introducing further dimensions may have been more beneficial to the athlete as they receive more feedback of ways to improve. However the test was a funded study by a recognised middle distance running corporation (The British Milers Club) to specifically look at the monitoring of endurance performance and the introduction of other disciplines may have confused the findings and taken away the aims of the study.

Death of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the

Death of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Miller's Tragedy and the Common Man In Tragedy and the Common Man, Arthur Miller discusses his definition and criteria for tragedy as they apply to the common man. The criteria and standards proposed by Miller may be used to evaluate his timeless work, Death of A Salesman. The first major standard of tragedy set forth is:   â€Å"...if the exaltation of tragic action were truly a property of the high-bred character alone, it is inconceivable that the mass of mankind should cherish tragedy above all other forms.† All persons regardless of background, nobility stature, rank, or pretended or actual social division can innately empathize with the tragic hero. In the case of Willy Loman there is a certain familiarity. He is the proverbial man down the block; indeed we may say in viewing the play   common man is empathizing with common man. Willy Loman is real. Where as some may remark, â€Å"I know someone like him,† perhaps they may even see themselves in him. Miller’s subtle wordplay of â€Å"Loman† and â€Å"layman† is interesting in this regard. It is our familiarity with Willy Loman that is the endearing quality which draws us closer to him. Through, identification with his struggles and pains we achieve an apprec iation of his plight. This identification is universal. The universality of identification is, among   those reading or viewing the play, a bonding force for persons of every station. Miller’s success in this point is bred from our own pathos for Willie Loman.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Another point by Miller is that, â€Å"the tragic feeling is invoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is willing to lay down his life... to secure one thing- his sense of personal dignity.† Willie Loman is tha... ...mething greater than himself, his image, or his success. He is motivated by his love for his son.   Therefore, since his primary focus is beyond himself, it consequently elevates him. He taps into and is accordingly clothed with   the grandeur tragedy.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Considering the points discussed here in this paper, which is by no means a comprehensive analysis of Miller’s essay, several questions are raised in my mind. Did Arthur Miller provide us with this essay as a response or defense of Death of a Salesman? Is he trying to justify his work by remolding the definition of tragedy to justify and elevate this play? Whatever the case it is clear that Death of a Salesman fits the model set forth by Miller in Tragedy and the Common Man. Miller, Arthur. "Tragedy and the Common Man." Weales, Gerald, ed. Death of a Salesman: Text and Criticism. New York: Penguin Books 1996.

Techniques Used in Print Advertising Essay -- Literary Analysis

There are a plethora of features and techniques used in print advertising which are often invisible to the naked eye, and primed at targeting the audience’s subconscious mind. Audiences consume advertising wherever they look or go, whether it be on a train, reading a newspaper, or even using the public bathrooms. Conventions are constructed, and past knowledge is exploited, by what can be acknowledged as a ‘language of advertising’. Print-based advertising is a genre that has been around for a significant amount of time now, and a form that continues to flourish and adapt itself despite the prominence of more contemporary methods, such as the internet, and more recently, the growth of tablet computing. The following investigation will focus on two different newspaper advertisements for energy suppliers – one from British Gas, and the other from SSE. A consideration of audience will be undertaken, before analysing the use of language, structure, images and t ypography in each. Then, following this detailed analysis, a commentary on the persuasiveness of each advert will make for a fitting and necessary conclusion. Firstly, as suggested, it is important to consider the audience and context of the two focus advertisements before beginning an analysis of the primary features. This will provide a solid contextual framework, and make a link between audience, context, and features possible later in the investigation. Both advertisements were featured in a copy of The Guardian, a British national daily newspaper with a respectable circulation. The Guardian is centre-left in its political stance, thus inevitably attracting a readership with shared values. In addition, the newspaper is particularly popular in the 18-54 age demographic. (De... ...rticularly attempt to tie in with the content of the advert in a way that is witty, unlike the SSE advert. However, the declaratives in the main body of text, such as ‘We’ve introduced lots of things to help’, could persuade readers to read on to discover exactly what they’ve introduced to help. Such a question /answer approach is utilised throughout the advert. Works Cited - Advertising ‘Demographic profile of Guardian readers’ (2010) http://www.guardian.co.uk/advertising/demographic-profile-of-guardian-readers [Accessed 04 December 2011]. - Vestergaard, T; Schroeder, K (1985), The Language of Advertising, Wiley-Blackwell - Goddard, A (1998), The Language of Advertising: Written Texts, London: Routledge - Delin, J (2000), The Language of Everyday Life, London: Sage - Cook, G (1992), The Discourse of Advertising, 1st edn. London: Routledge

Distance Learning Essay -- Essays Papers

Distance Learning In recent years, there has been a trend in the way that many major institutions of higher learning have been teaching their students. This change of pace in the education world is what is known as distance learning. Distance learning is the form of schooling that can be done over the Internet, and never actually being forced to be present in a classroom or even on the campus. According to Joel Snell, correspondence courses were the predecessors to what we now know as distance learning (258). Many people say that distance education is the future of our nations’ education, however there are many arguments against the wide spread establishment of distance learning programs. Although distance learning may seem like a bright future for education, nevertheless, it will never be as successful as campus learning, because every student must be self-driven and also highly motivated, the lack of access to libraries and other sources of information, and also face-to-face inter action is necessary for a good education. Many people think that distance learning is a perfect fit for men and women working on their master’s while still maintaining a job. When a person enters the real world and gets a job, they will not always have a lot of time on their hands that would allow them to go to classes. The ability to take their classes at anytime possible is one of the most appealing factors for distance learners (Flanagan). Another reason as to why distance learning is a perfect match for men and women taking classes while working is the motivation factor. Both Snell and Mariani agree that in order for a person to succeed in distance education, they must be highly motivated, which does not describe the ... ...he newest equipment today will just give you out-dated equipment a few months after the initial implementation (Porter 41-42). Based entirely upon the facts that are presented in so many academic sources, distance education programs are hard to implement as well as to maintain, so that it why that many fail, and they are not widely accepted in today’s day. Works Cited Flanagan, Robert. Personal Interview. 27 Oct. 2001. Mariani, Matthew. â€Å"Distance Learning in Post-Secondary Education: Learning Whenever, Wherever.† Occupational Outlook. 45. 2 (2001): 2-10. Minoli, Daniel. Distance Learning Technology and Applications. Boston: Artech House, 1996. Porter, Lynette. Creating the Virtual Classroom: Distance Learning with the Internet. New York: Wiley, 1997. Snell, Joel. â€Å"Distance Learning: Observations.† College Student Journal. 35. 2 (2001): 258- 259.

In this course work Essay

There is a lot of planning and direct action involved. Whereas in â€Å"The Second Bullet†, there is a sinister crime which is full of strange and baffling things but there is no direct physical action on the part of Violet Strange. She visits the crime scene, talks to the people and gathers information. She then examines the physical evidence, reconstructs what happened, and comes out with the only possible explanation. These two dissimilar roles of the detectives in the stories somehow impact their character representation. Clearly, the feminine detective has been portrayed as a non-action champion, while the male detective as an action hero! The lead character in â€Å"The Second Bullet† is Violet Strange who works for a detective agency. â€Å"Owing to some remarkable work done by the firm of –&–, the well-known private detective agency, the claim made by Mrs. George Hammond. † She is young, beautiful, and feminine, comes from an upper class family and well to do. â€Å"But you are so young and so–so–† â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Miss Strange was invariably the society belle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ † â€Å"Simplicity again, but the simplicity of high art–the drawing-room of one rich enough to indulge in the final luxury of a highly cultivated taste, viz. : unostentatious elegance and the subjection of each carefully chosen ornament to the general effect. † However, the life as a young woman entering the society is not enough for her. She craves for an action that a woman of her class will not dare to go for; criminal investigation. It is unusual for a woman of such refinement to be in the role of a detective in the 1915’s America. As for her personal traits, she is independent, confident, unemotional and determined. She is thorough, very intelligent, has the skills of perception to solve crime, and solves the crime herself. Unlike Holmes, she does not enlist any outside help. She does not resort to any physical action in the story. She uses only her power of observation and reasoning to solve the case. In addition, she does not have a main challenger or adversary as Holmes has in his story. The great detective Sherlock Holmes in contrast is a professional who works on his own and not for any detective agency. He is male, middle aged, well educated and belongs to the upper class. He is arrogant and over-confident. In the opening scene of the story, there is a short exchange between him and Dr. Watson in which the detective’s powers of deduction and observation are displayed. Seeing, as Watson does, is different from observing. â€Å"You see, but you do not observe. † According to Watson â€Å"He was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning and observing machine that the world has seen,† Contrast to â€Å"The second Bullet†, this story has a main adversary, Irene Adler with remarkable personal qualities. She is confident, determined and clever at figuring out what is really happening. She is respected and feared. Holmes describes her as â€Å"The daintiest thing under a bonnet on this planet† â€Å"I only caught a glimpse of her at the moment, but she was a lovely woman, with a face that a man might die for. † But she is more than just beautiful. She outperforms Holmes! Earlier in the story, Holmes tells Watson â€Å"It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts† This tells us he is a analytical thinker but in taking a condescending attitude towards Irene Adler and in assuming too much about women in general, Holmes twist the facts to suit his theories about the opposite sex and is outsmarted by her as a result. Holmes shows personal feeling towards Irene Adler because of her high qualities. As the story ends, the king says â€Å"Would she not have made an admirable queen? Is it not a pity that she was not on my level? † For which Holmes replies coldly as follows: â€Å"From what I have seen of the lady she seems indeed to be on a very different level to you Majesty,† He sees Irene Adler at a higher level with more human values than the king. To Holmes, she always remained an honourable woman. Dr. Watson observes in the opening paragraph that â€Å"It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler† He was not sexist at all but merely admired Irene for her attributes. Violet Strange on the other hand has no personal feeling about anyone. But she is sympathetic and caring when she meets Mrs. Hammond for the fist time. â€Å"Certainly you have met with two greatest losses which can come to a woman† She has an open mind. Her desire for money is shown in the opening page but she also does not want to waste her energy on a case she could not believe in. No. The sum is a good one and I could use it but I will not waste my energy on a case I do not believe in. Description, action and dialogue are main ways in which characters are revealed in stories. Both stories have a fair amount of dialogue and talk among the characters. We learn more about Holmes’ individuality and character merely by following his conversation with Dr. Watson. Non-dialogue description of thoughts and feelings are somewhat limited in the Holmes story. The syntax used in The Second Bullet is a very complicated upper class form, which is informal. For example â€Å"Husband and child both taken from her in a moment; and now, all means of living as well, unless some happy thought of yours–some inspiration of your genius–shows us a way of re-establishing her claims to the policy voided by this cry of suicide. † In â€Å"A Scandal in Bohemia† the syntax is simple in comparison and therefore is easily readable and recognizable. Both the writers have clean language; not vulgar or bad language now used by popular authors. I enjoyed reading both stories. One more line about A Scandal in Bohemia† that I believe only reflects the attitude of the male author, which I personally cannot accept. â€Å"A married woman grabs at her baby; an unmarried one reaches for her jewel-box† This may be relevant to good old Victorian days but not now! Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Public Finance Essay

The city of Eugene has been in a critical position due to budget crisis. Apparently, the city of Eugene has spent more of its resources, which is higher than what the city government has determined to be the budget under the public financing system. Since then, the city government has decided to implement a new approach in dealing with the finances of the city, which was called the â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† approach. The city government of Eugene has employed the services of Public Strategies Group – an institution acting as a financing consultant based in St. Paul, Minnesota – which recommended the need to cut down spending and limit the budget to expenditure that are agreeable to the citizens. This means that the public financing system will only allocate budget according to the priorities of the city, determined by its constituents. (Russo, 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concept of â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† constitutes the genuine essence of public financing and budgeting. It establishes the ideal dimensions of what public financing should be. With this in mind, it is appalling to think that the city government of Eugene only determined the flaws in their public financing system only after experiencing crisis in their budget scheme – which is much difficult to reverse, than situations wherein detection and prevention would have sufficed. Setting this thought aside, the agreeable point in the public finance approach is that the city is willing to implement a responsible method or technique in fixing the public financing system to sustain resources by means of controlling the city’s expenses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† approach is a responsible means of handling the city’s budget because it will be allocated only to the demands of the city, concentrating on needs and wants and eliminating operating cost for unnecessary features or entities. Moreover, Eugene has viewed the matter logically by determining a plan that will ensure the success of the public financing project. The city government, along with its hired consultant, has formulated several steps in order to realize the purpose of the â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† approach. First, the city government will review all areas (schools, libraries, health care institutions, law enforcement institutions, etc.) within the dimensions of Eugene that have been receiving funds from the public budget. All areas will be evaluated or assessed in order to determine how roles and responsibilities of each institution are being carried out. This will help the city government determine what areas within the city to focus on and prioritize. (Russo, 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Second, allocating budget for different areas within the city will be decided upon based on the goals and objectives of the city council. The city government of Eugene has decided to align public spending with the goals and objectives upheld by city council. Third, spending will be based on what the citizens need and demand, such as public safety, health care, education, transport systems, etc. Fourth, the city government will harness all the help or assistance it can get from other institutions (public or private), in order to determine flaws or improvements for the â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† plan. (Russo, 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The four considerations that the city government is willing to focus on veers away from the concepts of traditional budgeting, setting the desirability of the â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† approach. Moreover, it improves the face of public financing by focusing on the outcomes that will benefit the city and its constituents, rather than concentrating on how the budget will allocated. It is sensitive to the needs and demands of the city, therefore, transforming it into a people-based and outcome-based public financing system. These ideas establish the positive backdrop of Eugene’s plan for public financing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, although the positive side of the approach has been presented through and through, it is important to confront the impending risks and threats in implementing such an approach. This concern lies in the true meaning of responsibility. Rationality and logic in prioritizing what areas to spend for requires the responsibility and ability to place the more important things ahead of superficialities. The problem of the â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† approach is the decision-making process imposed by the citizens. These decisions should be true priorities – that is, priorities that genuinely provide the best results that the city will benefit from – and not those that promote personal vested interests. Therefore, to implement an effective â€Å"budgeting for outcomes† approach, it needs not only a carefully made plan, but also a responsible and rational city government and citizenry. References    Russo, E. (2007). City Trying New Approach to Budget. The Register Guard, C19. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from the Gale Group via Questia. Website: http://www.questia.com/read/5024242890

Wired and Wireless Networks

Wired and Wireless, What’s the Difference? The main difference between a wired and wireless data communication infrastructure is the existence of physical cabling. The same or similar techniques are employed for both types of data communication infrastructure in terms of the core elements of essential network services. The basic difference between a wired and a wireless network is self-explanatory. A wired network uses wires to communicate whereas a wireless network uses radio waves. Another difference and how one technology gets an edge over the other. Wired networks are easy to set up and troubleshoot where wireless networks are comparatively difficult to set up, maintain, and troubleshoot. Wired networks make you immobile while wireless ones provide you with convenience of movement. A third difference, wired networks prove expensive when covering a large area because of the wiring and cabling while wireless networks do not involve this cost. Wired networks have better transmission speeds than wireless ones. In a wired network, user does not have to share space with other users and thus gets dedicated speeds while in wireless networks, the same connection may be shared by multiple users. One of the most common questions we have to answer on a daily basis is the difference between wired and wireless networks. Wired is the communication between two devices via cables. Wireless is the communication between two devices without cables. Now, is it that simple? Each method of networking has its own pros and cons. Wireless networks do not use any form of cable. The transmission of data occurs over radio waves just like cordless phones or the Bluetooth headset that came with that phone you purchased . There are many advantages, but the major advantage of having a wireless device is the mobility and freedom that comes with it. There is less clutter and fewer wires to worry about. But, you sacrifice in most cases on speed and security. Wired networks on the other hand have been around for some time now. Officially known today as the Ethernet, the cables usually connect these devices using CAT5 cables. The speed and security in this scenario are greatly enhanced. The latest Ethernet routers can support up to 1000Mb/s or a Gigabit/second, that’s ten times faster than the widely used 100 Mb/s router. However the overall cost of a wired network is lower and provides high performance and better security than wireless networks. As home users, wireless networks have become the choice. A wireless network saves your time and efforts in installing a lot of cables. Also, if you need to relocate a client machine in your office, you only need to move the computer with wireless network. Wireless networking is very useful in the public places, libraries, hotels, schools, airports, train stations. A drawback in the wireless internet is that quality of service, it is not guaranteed if there is any interference. Then the connection may be dropped. Wireless local area networks allow users in local area, such as in a university or a library to join a network and gain wireless access to the internet. A temporary network can be formed by a small number of users without the need of access points. Service Set Identifier acts a simple password by allowing WLAN network to be split up into different networks and each having a unique identifier. These identifiers are configured in multiple access points. To access any of the networks, a computer is configured in such a way that each is having a corresponding identifier for that network. If they match between the two computers or networks then access is granted. This is a good security method but it is mainly involved in the small wireless networks because there is more manual work is involved, entering the MAC address into the Access point. Wireless networking is very popular in home networking and more than 20 percent of homes with broadband internet are using wireless networks and this number is increasing. In a general estimate worldwide hotspots have now reached more than 30,000 and will grow about 210,000 in the next few years. Most large hotels already offer Wi-Fi and the business travelers are willing to pay for the wireless access. 802. 11 is the next Wi-Fi speed standard. It is set to offer bandwidth around 108Mbps and is still under development. With the speed of 70 Mbps and a range up to 30 miles, the 802. 1 standard, known as Wimax is sure to give a boost to wireless networking. The term wireless networking refers to technology that enables two or more computers to communicate using standard network protocols, but without network cabling. Any technology that does this could be called wireless networking. This technology, fueled by the emergence of cross-vendor industry standards such as IEEE 802. 11, has pro duced a number of affordable wireless solutions that are growing in popularity with business and schools as well as sophisticated applications where network wiring is impossible, such as in warehousing or point-of-sale handheld equipment. An ad-hoc, or peer-to-peer wireless network consists of a number of computers each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can communicate directly with all of the other wireless enabled computers. They can share files and printers this way, but may not be able to access wired LAN resources, unless one of the computers acts as a bridge to the wired LAN using special software. Each computer with a wireless interface can communicate directly with all of the others. A wireless network can also use an access point, or base station. In this type of network the access point acts like a hub, providing connectivity for the wireless computers. It can connect (or â€Å"bridge†) the wireless LAN to a wired LAN, allowing wireless computer access to LAN resources, such as file servers or existing Internet Connectivity. That’s the different between wired and wireless network. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://computer. howstuffworks. com/home-network2. htm 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wireless_network 3. http://www. broadbandbuddy. com. au/wireless-broadband/wireless-networks-vs-wired-networks

Damage to the Environment as a Consequence of Worldwide Improvement in the Standard of Living

Damage to environment is an inevitable effect of world-wide betterment in the criterion of life â€Å"The environment is where we all meet ; where all have a common involvement ; it is the one thing that we all share.† —Lady Bird Johnson. The extremely development of scientific discipline and engineering thing effects the populating criterion a batch. Nowadays people suffer from so many jobs for case air pollution, the explosive enlargement of population and the impairment of environment. The environment is formed of the land, air and H2O in which people, animate beings and workss live. A batch of alterations take topographic point in environment daily. Such environmental alterations are impacting a individual ‘s life. Pollution is the most of import factor that makes environment dirty by adding harmful substance to it. Pollution make instability in the environment and besides in human existences life.It is the common job or we can state it is the crisis state of affairs which is enduring by all the universe. The chief types of pollutions are H2O pollution, air pollution, dirt pollution and land pollution which continuously pollutes our surrounding. So here I would wish to set the visible radiation on this affair that how media, public and authorities put their attempts for work outing the environmental issues. some people says that the harm to the environment is an inevitable effect of economic science development. To get down with, allow us cognize what are the causes of environment. The causes are foremost over population, the turning population has resulted in over usage of the natural resources like tree, land, H2O, air, crude oil etc. Second, the cutting down of more and more trees doing forest country decreasing and species are nonextant. During the procedure of mining people cut woods on a big graduated table and degrade the land every bit good as woods. The husbandmans besides following â€Å" displacement agriculture † techniques due to which they cuts down the wood land. In displacement agriculture technique, husbandmans cut a little piece of forest land for cultivation. They grow harvests in that land for a short clip ( i.e. for 3 to 4 months ) and so cut their harvests. Then they move to another topographic point in the wood and cut trees for another harvests. this switching up of agriculture is known as displacement agriculture. Due to this grounds the whole nutrient ecosyst em of wood disturbs and leads to the extinction of species. Cuting down of trees besides lead to climatic alterations and emanation of green house gases. Another cause which adversely affected the environment is industrial development and green revolution.Many big graduated table industries emit harmful gases which causes many diseases such as lung malignant neoplastic disease, skin malignant neoplastic disease and asthma jobs To add on farther, there are besides other causes of pollution Internet Explorer depletion of ozone bed. Due to increase in the quality of CHLORO FLOURO Cs, the ozone bed consuming. Ozone bed protect us from the extremist violet beams which are coming from the Sun. This bed absorbs the UV beams and protect us. As the fume coming out from vehicles and industries, infrigidation and air conditions and usage of harmful merchandises easy being destroy ozone bed. The hairlessness of the ozone bed could ensue in tegument diseases and besides have a great consequence on our eyes.However, the addition in pollution has resulted in planetary heating. The sudden rise in the mean temperature of air and sea on Earth ‘s surface is known as planetary heating. There are so many causes of planetary heating. When oil, gas, fossil fuels and coal Burnss, the C in it combines with air and which increase the temperature of air and sea on the Earth surface. In developed states, coal is used in a immen se degree to bring forth electricity.So when coal burns it produces batch of harmful gases which was absorbed in the O and air.In Australia and England the nursery gasses largely comes from the combustion of fossil fuels and coal as both are the chief beginning to bring forth electricity. It is recorded that Australia uses 77 % of coal to bring forth electricity. Because of this ground the ice-caps in the Polar parts would run and it would ensue in the rise of the H2O degree of seas and oceans. A clip will come when the whole Earth submerge in H2O. At last, due to overgrazing, dirt eroding, acerb rain, landslides, volcanic eruption pollutes the environment. we know Their is no uncertainty that there are figure of causes which are the immense job for the environment. But now there is demand of sustainable development Today in this epoch, with the attempts of our immature coevals, scientific techniques, public, media and the regulations of the authorities playing a important function to non eliminate but manage the jobs of our environment. Out of these, media plays a critical function in the field of environmental issues.2In developed states and urban countries, the usage of print, broadcast and internet media can be a great manner to increase instruction and consciousness by working with the media, authorities bureaus and non net income organisations can assist distribute their message, either by keeping imperativeness briefings, publishing printed imperativeness releases, or even puting up on-line databases that can be used as information Centres. Information Centres can besides assist to both the populace and journalists about environmental issues. Media besides arrange awareness plans in rural country where people are illiterate and do non cognize about how to salvage our environment. They can besides do some little films in which they can direct message to society for salvaging our environment, do some dockets like save H2O and works more trees. They must i ncorporate some cognition about agribusiness so that they can utilize appropriate methods and techniques alternatively the usage of fertilizers and pesticides which pollute non even the harvests but land besides. The chief intent of media is foremost, they provide the intelligence about the jobs which are confronting the people in the universe. Another motivation is, to assist to educate the people about environmental issue by making educational runs, deliverance operations, plans like play and consecutive which helps the people to aware. Furthermore,30 % of the universe ‘s population is under the age of 18, harmonizing to UNEO, which is why educating kids and immature grownups about environmental jobs is important to long-run success. This will assist them further a sense of duty so that when they becomes grownups they will do picks that help the environment instead than harm it. Many school, nevertheless, do non presently teach their pupils about environmental issues. Integrating environmental instruction into current scientific discipline categories or learning environmental scientific discipline as a separate subject is one of the best ways to educate kids and teens about environmental jobs, peculiarly if the categories involve some kind of custodies on acquisition, like to do little gardens and irrigating the workss or caring for an animal3.Public should cognize about the environmental issues and set some stairss to clean and salvage our environment. Celebrities should besides set their attempts and partici pates openly with the populace to aware them. Peoples should kick to patrol if person in their vicinity pollutes the environment. Every individual in this universe have to set some attempts and performed hisher responsibility to work out this job. Like a forestation should be done on big graduated table and people should utilize public vehicle alternatively of private vehicles. Water intervention workss should be installed in all industrial countries. Garbage should be thrown in proper topographic point. Water which we used for rinsing veggies may be used to irrigating the workss in the garden. Hunting should be banned for the safety of animate beings. Last but non the least, cut down, reuse and recycle should be our mantra Alternatively of it, authorities can besides play alone individuality in bettering the environmental issues in every state such as there should be rigorous jurisprudence if people pollute environment. If some pollute the environment, so mulcts would be charged so that they ca n't of all time reiterate the same error in future. Environment instruction should be compulsory in all the Fieldss of instruction. Laws for industrial units should be purely implemented so that contaminated H2O is non disposed off straight into rivers and lakes.So Government should besides censor the usage of plastic bags. In all rural countries there should be proper sewage and purifier H2O intervention workss for salvaging the H2O. Wildlife sanctuaries should be established for the protection of animate beings and woods. By weaving up the thought, it seems to me that environmental job is the badgering concern and persons have a primary function in fall ining custodies with the authorities in salvaging environment. Worlds are responsible for a assortment of environmental jobs, but we can besides take stairss to cut down the harm that we are doing to the planet. This essay discuss environmental jobs and the steps that authoritiess and persons can take to get by up with these jobs. Gas emanations from mills and exhaust exhausts from vehicles lead to planetary heating, which may hold a serious effects on the planet in the hereafter. so our life is in our custodies we have to believe before usage. Mentions: 1.global heating ( lone definition ) – hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming 2,3-in this I use my B.sc- 1st semester book Internet Explorer environmental surveies

Iron Hans (Children literature) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Iron Hans (Children literature) - Essay Example Due to the story’s narrative style and visual development, it is classified as a children’s story. The story reflects a clear pattern of attitude towards children during the time and the literary methods have been markedly shaped by the social and cultural trends of the time. Most of the tales by the Grimm brothers have been influenced by German folklores and have been creatively transformed into fairy tales. An analysis of the population studies in Germany during the 19th century shows a high infant mortality rate during the time (Gehrmann, 839). Today infant mortality rates are regarded as central indicators of the standards of living and the state of a particular society’s development. During late 19th century, high infant mortality rates in Germany started being acknowledged as a social issue and hence several studies were carried out in order to find the reasons for high mortality rates. Hygiene, food, female labor, living conditions and climatic conditions were identified as important factors affecting infant mortality rates (Gehrmann, 840). Female workload was also a critical factor in infant mortality and attitude towards children during the time. The family context has also been incorporated in order to assess the impact of family structures on attitude towards children. ... The collection spurred a completely novel notion of considering fairy tales as children’s literature. Belonging to the German Romantic Movement, the Grimm brothers pioneered in the creation of literary fairy tales. An exemplary attempt was made by the Grimm brothers so as to retain and preserve the original essence of German folk tales and by transforming them into creative fairy tales for children they were able to circumvent the loss of German folk lore literature. The fame of the Grimm’s fairy tales as children’s literature was supported by the 1679 publication of The Tales of Mother Goose by Charles Perrault (Susina, n.pag.). Perrault had successfully collected 80 fairy tales in his work with moralistic principles and ingenious story lines. This work started being recognized as children’s stories due to its graphic illustration of the title which characterized an old lady reading out stories to children (Susina, n.pag.). This introduced a concept of fa iry tales as children’s stories as narrated by older individuals. Subsequently the Grimm’s tales provided an adroit collection of stories that were suitable to be read by or out to children. Hence, the publication by Perrault supported the popularity of the Grimm’s fairy tales as children’s literature. Irons Hans, among the many fairy tales written the in the collection by Grimm brothers demonstrates a certain socio-cultural pattern towards children during the time. This story, along with other fairy tales in the collection, has had a thoughtful impact on children since the 19th century. However, writers today have been examining Grimm brothers’ writings and have concluded that these writings contain false apprehension and augment a

Sociology project summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociology project summary - Essay Example It underscores the distinction between progress without environmental degradation and modernization with damaging pollutants (315795_Cities+Week+3.ppt). The Rocks stirs the imagination of the locals as well as the tourist. It takes back one to the rugged and craggy landscape of ancient Australia, to the more somber period of the settlers consisting mostly of convicts, and finally to the marvels of the modern city (Australian Explorer). In order to find out more about The Rocks, its past and current affairs, my team and I thought it fit to make a questionnaire and move around the place meeting people and talking to them with the help of the questionnaire. We decided to move in different direction of the city in twos. There was some apprehension as we had not undertaken this type of work earlier, but we were excited about it. However, when we launched on this project, it was a rewarding exercise. We not only received substantial information, but we also made many friends. The Rocks stretches from the harbor in the north to Kent Street in the west and Grosvenor Street in the south.The hustle and bustle of the city has not eroded the pristine glory of the place that has seen an evolution that would not have been possible elsewhere. On the contrary, the city administrators have gone the extra mile to preserve the historical significance of the place by preserving the old district and building a museum. The Sydney Harbor Bridge is a wonderful link between the old and the new in Sydney. The bridge lies adjacent to The Rocks and it is not difficult to imagine what the place would have been like without the city (Some Background). Tourist attraction for Sydney began in a big way in the 1970s. The city metamorphosed from being a culprits den in the beginning to more sedate business center in the 19th century. It more or less remained this way for most of the first half of the 20th century when the world was ravaged by two world wars. The city became modernized in the second half of the 20th century. Beneath the benign and charm of The Rocks lies the saga of one of history's more malevolent periods in the place when murders, hangings and mysterious deaths were routine. The Rocks was the haunts of convicts and prostitutes initially after Captain Phillip discovered the region. It continued in this manner for about three to five decades. Gradually, it turned into a business center and warehouses were constructed for the maritime industry. These warehouses were later destroyed due to the plague. Some that remained were turned into cafs and restaurants. The city planners have been careful to preserve the old city with its narrow, cobbled streets leaving the old buildings to serve as pubs, restaurants and other places of public interest (Australian Explorer). The Role of Independence The independence of Australia on 11 December 1931 has obviously played a vital role in the construction of Sydney and The Rocks. Not that the nation needed independence. It was thrust on them by the British. That is, the Australians always considered themselves independent from the time